In Georgia, three judges—Craig Schwall, Sr., Melynee Leftridge, and Scott McAfee—have recused themselves from a case involving Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis' attempt to block subpoenas related to her investigation into 2020 election interference, citing conflicts of interest. In North Dakota, U.S. District Judge Daniel Traynor is being asked to recuse himself from a lawsuit concerning the Dakota Access oil pipeline protests due to his participation in a boycott against hiring Columbia Law School graduates, which plaintiffs argue shows bias. Similarly, in South Dakota, Circuit Judge Mark Barnett recused himself from a case challenging the rejection of signatures on a nominating petition for a primary ballot.