US China Rivalry Shapes Indonesia Clean Energy Transition

Kazakhstan is projected to maintain coal as its dominant energy source through 2035, making up over 40% of its energy mix despite government goals to increase renewable energy to 15% by 2030, with investments exceeding $2.6 billion from 2014 to 2024 largely funded by international institutions. Indonesia faces a critical energy transition influenced by a rivalry between the U.S. and China, with China securing over $64 billion in clean energy contracts and rapidly expanding its clean energy supply chain, while the U.S. promotes liquefied natural gas, raising concerns about continued fossil fuel dependence. Indonesia’s government has set ambitious net-zero emissions targets for 2050, supported by innovative environmental tech firms like GreenTeams that provide real-time emission monitoring and data transparency to aid decarbonization efforts. Malaysia, despite progressive renewable energy policies and targets to reach 40% renewable capacity by 2035, struggles with market execution, as seen in the slow uptake of its Corporate Renewable Energy Supply Scheme and challenges in meeting corporate clean energy demand due to opaque market rules. Both Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have adopted national green strategies and international climate commitments, but the pace and scale of renewable energy deployment differ significantly, with Uzbekistan targeting 40% renewables by 2030 compared to Kazakhstan's 15%. These developments underscore a broader regional challenge in balancing energy security, economic growth, and climate goals amid varying investor involvement and geopolitical influences.