Tensions escalate as India-Pakistan conflict risks nuclear war

Tensions between India and Pakistan have escalated dangerously following a deadly attack on Hindu tourists in Kashmir, with both nations exchanging accusations and retaliatory measures such as border closures and diplomatic expulsions. The situation has reignited fears of a potential nuclear conflict, as both countries possess significant nuclear arsenals and past studies suggest that even a limited exchange could kill over 100 million people and cause global climatic disruption. Indian Prime Minister Modi has vowed to punish those responsible, while Pakistan denies involvement and warns against hasty blame without concrete evidence. Experts and former officials from both sides highlight how the longstanding Kashmir conflict, fueled by nationalist policies and historic grievances, has created a volatile environment where miscalculation could trigger catastrophe. International powers have called for restraint, but analysts warn that the current trajectory leaves little room for compromise, especially with rising domestic and regional pressures. The unresolved status of Kashmir and the hardening of positions on both sides continue to push the region toward the risk of uncontrollable escalation.