DR Congo, Rwanda-Backed M23 Sign Ceasefire Declaration in Qatar

The Democratic Republic of Congo and the M23 rebel group signed a declaration of principles in Qatar aimed at ending decades of conflict in eastern Congo, including commitments to a permanent ceasefire and a comprehensive peace agreement to be finalized by August 18. The agreement emphasizes restoring state authority in rebel-held territories and includes confidence-building measures such as prisoner exchanges, though interpretations differ on whether it mandates the rebels' withdrawal from cities they control. The M23 rebels, backed by Rwanda, have controlled key mineral-rich cities since a major offensive earlier this year, displacing millions and fueling one of the world's most serious humanitarian crises. The declaration aligns with a prior peace agreement between Congo and Rwanda, mediated by the United States and Qatar, and follows surprise talks between the Congolese and Rwandan leaders. While the Congolese government demands the rebels' withdrawal, the M23 insists on the release of its members held by Congo's military, many facing death sentences. A critical unresolved issue remains Rwanda's military support for the rebels, with Rwanda signaling readiness to lift protective measures following Congo’s neutralization of armed groups accused of genocide involvement.