Recent rulings from U.S. appeals courts highlight contrasting approaches to firearm regulations. The 4th Circuit upheld Maryland's handgun licensing law, emphasizing that applicants must complete training and pass background checks, despite arguments that these requirements infringe on Second Amendment rights. In contrast, the 5th Circuit reaffirmed a ban on firearm possession by undocumented migrants, ruling that the Second Amendment does not extend to this group. This decision came after a recent Supreme Court ruling requiring firearm regulations to reflect historical traditions. The legal landscape remains contentious, with various rulings causing confusion among lower courts and advocacy groups. Further appeals are expected as both sides of the gun rights debate continue to challenge existing laws.