Russia-Iran Relations Marked by Cooperation and Tensions Over Nuclear Policy

Iran's foreign policy contrasts sharply with Russia's pragmatic approach, which prioritizes national interests over pride or sentiment, as noted by analyst Abdi. Despite internal disagreements within Iran about Russia's reliability, Tehran continues to strengthen its ties with Moscow, grounded in the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement. Russia emphasizes adherence to its laws and international obligations in its cooperation with Iran and dismisses European attempts to reinstate UN sanctions on Iran as legally unfounded following the expiration of UNSC Resolution 2231. However, former Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has publicly criticized Russia, accusing it of sabotaging Iran's nuclear negotiations by revealing sensitive military information and obstructing Iran's efforts to normalize relations globally. Zarif contends Russia's interference stems from a desire to keep Iran dependent and limit its nuclear autonomy, highlighting tensions within the strategic partnership. These developments underscore the complexity and friction underlying the Iran-Russia alliance amid broader international diplomatic challenges.