Slovakia Amends Constitution to Define Two Genders, Limit Adoption Rights

Slovakia's parliament has passed a constitutional amendment defining gender strictly as male or female, effectively limiting the recognition of transgender identities and same-sex couples' rights in the country. The amendment, championed by Prime Minister Robert Fico and inspired by similar moves by Hungary and US President Donald Trump, also restricts adoption rights exclusively to married heterosexual couples, bans surrogacy, and grants primacy to Slovak national laws over EU laws in cultural and ethical matters. This change is framed as a protection of traditional values, national sovereignty, and cultural heritage, particularly regarding family life, marriage, and education. Although the amendment passed with a significant majority, it has raised concerns among human rights organizations and EU bodies like the Venice Commission, which warn of potential conflicts with EU treaties and the erosion of LGBTQ+ rights. Fico defended the move as a necessary measure against progressive politics, emphasizing the importance of preserving Slovakia's cultural and spiritual traditions. The amendment is expected to come into force on November 1, 2025, amidst criticism from both domestic opposition and international observers.