Recent studies highlight multiple factors contributing to cognitive decline and dementia, emphasizing the importance of both controllable and uncontrollable elements. A report indicates that 14 modifiable risk factors account for 45% of dementia cases, suggesting lifestyle changes can significantly reduce risk, with social isolation and lack of mental stimulation being key contributors. Chronic inflammation, linked to lifestyle diseases like diabetes and obesity, is recognized as a significant factor in cognitive decline, particularly in older populations. Research also identifies age, gender, daily activity levels, and irregular heart rhythms as predictors of cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer's patients. Additionally, environmental and social inequalities have been shown to accelerate brain aging, underscoring the impact of socioeconomic factors on cognitive health. Together, these findings illustrate the complex interplay of biology, lifestyle, and environment in the risk of cognitive decline.