A recent consumer study by Umeå University focusing on plant-based fermentation and its health benefits for European health and sustainability goals revealed that fermented plant-based foods are gaining popularity, with a significant portion of EU consumers favoring them. However, caution is advised for individuals with weakened immune systems and digestive disorders as some fermented foods contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing health risks like vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially fatal outcomes. Experts warn that while fermented foods can enhance gut health for many, those with compromised immune systems, pregnant women, infants, and individuals with digestive issues should be cautious due to the potential risks associated with consuming fermented foods.