India-Pakistan Nuclear Tensions Escalate After Kashmir Attack

Recent escalations between nuclear-armed neighbors India and Pakistan, highlighted by a deadly attack on tourists and subsequent military strikes, have brought the two countries closer to open conflict than at any time since 2019. The long-standing Kashmir dispute remains central to tensions, with India asserting military superiority in conventional arms while both nations maintain comparable nuclear arsenals. India has significantly increased its military spending and domestic arms production, while Pakistan's budget faces economic constraints despite nominal increases. Experts note a strategic shift in India's posture, marked by precision strikes and growing confidence in foreign policy, especially in relations with the West. The international community, including the United States and the United Kingdom, is actively urging restraint and offering diplomatic support to prevent further escalation and promote dialogue. However, despite these efforts, heightened frequency and intensity of cross-border actions continue to fuel instability in the region.