Global nuclear tensions are escalating, with multiple nations modernizing and expanding their arsenals. Russia, bolstered by an alliance with North Korea, has increased nuclear threats amid the Ukraine conflict, drawing comparisons to the Cuban Missile Crisis. China has significantly expanded its nuclear capabilities, now possessing 500 warheads and a nuclear triad that includes ICBMs, submarines, and strategic bombers. NATO is considering putting more nuclear weapons on standby in response to threats from Russia and China, although it maintains no significant changes to its nuclear posture. The U.S. is also updating its nuclear arsenal in Europe, potentially increasing the risk of escalation. These developments signal a new global arms race, with nuclear-armed states enhancing their capabilities amid rising geopolitical tensions.