Two men, Salwan Momika and Salwan Najem, face trial in Sweden for burning the Quran during protests in 2023, an act that has sparked significant outrage among Muslim communities globally. Swedish prosecutors have charged them with 'agitation against an ethnic or national group' for desecrating the Quran while making derogatory remarks about Muslims, including incidents outside a mosque in Stockholm. The events have led to heightened security measures in Sweden and strained diplomatic relations with several Middle Eastern countries, notably resulting in protests and attacks on the Swedish embassy in Iraq. Momika, a Christian Iraqi, claims his actions were a protest against Islam and its holy book, while Najem maintains he did nothing wrong under Swedish law. Prosecutors argue that the evidence, primarily video recordings, supports their case that the men's actions were intended to express contempt for Muslims. The trial is set against a backdrop of ongoing debates in Sweden about the balance between free speech and hate speech.