Italy has passed a law making it illegal for couples to seek surrogacy abroad, extending a domestic ban to countries like the United States and Canada where the practice is legal. The legislation, championed by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's conservative government, imposes penalties of up to two years in prison and fines of up to €1 million, and has been criticized for disproportionately affecting LGBTQ couples. This move aligns with Meloni's broader agenda to reinforce conservative social policies, including restricting LGBTQ rights and gender-affirming care. Activists argue the law targets same-sex partners and undermines Italy's efforts to address its declining birth rate. Critics decry the law as discriminatory, and it may face challenges concerning its enforceability, especially as heterosexual couples may evade scrutiny upon returning to Italy with children born via surrogacy abroad.