Canada's Cyber Threats Include India and China

Canada's National Cyber Threat Assessment 2025-2026 has listed India among its cyber adversaries for the first time, alleging that Indian state-sponsored actors likely conduct espionage activities against Canadian government networks. This development occurs amid ongoing diplomatic tensions following accusations from Canada that Indian agents were involved in the killing of Sikh separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar, claims that India has denied. Canada ranks India fifth in cyber threats, following China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, with the report suggesting India's cyber program is aimed at advancing national security and global status. The situation highlights the deteriorating relations between the two nations, exacerbated by mutual expulsions of diplomats and accusations of political motivations behind the charges. Canada also faces significant cyber threats from China, which it identifies as the most active state actor targeting the country.