Ukraine's population has decreased by over 10 million, or nearly a quarter, since Russia's invasion in February 2022, with the United Nations highlighting significant declines due to emigration, decreased birth rates, and war casualties. The UN Population Fund noted that the birth rate in Ukraine has plummeted to around one child per woman, one of the lowest globally, and well below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman required for a stable population. The war has led to approximately 6.7 million Ukrainians residing abroad as refugees, primarily in Europe, and the immediate impact has been severe in regions with significant depopulation. The conflict has exacerbated an already challenging demographic scenario, as Ukraine, similar to other Eastern European countries, was experiencing population decline due to emigration of young people seeking better opportunities. The UN emphasized the need for a full census post-conflict to accurately assess the demographic impact. Additionally, the ongoing violence continues to claim lives, with recent Russian attacks in eastern Ukraine resulting in civilian casualties, including children.