Japan's Populist Party Gains Upper House Seats Amid Rising Foreign Population, Regional Security Debate

Japan is facing significant demographic challenges with its population declining sharply due to record deaths and low birth rates, reaching a population of 120.6 million as of January 2025. Conversely, the foreign resident population is growing rapidly, surpassing 3.7 million, fueled by more liberal immigration policies aimed at addressing labor shortages in sectors such as transportation. This rise in foreigners occurs alongside a surge in right-wing nationalism, exemplified by the populist Sanseito party advocating for stronger national defense including the consideration of nuclear armament, and a stance against immigration. Meanwhile, Japan's society is grappling with emotional isolation beneath its orderly and efficient exterior, as many residents experience pressure to maintain perfection and emotional restraint. Economically, Japan remains pivotal to global markets, with ongoing fiscal challenges as the government continues to manage massive debt amid a long-term period of low borrowing and risk aversion, while maintaining significant foreign investments. These intertwined demographic, political, social, and economic issues illustrate Japan's complex path as it balances tradition, modernization, security concerns, and global integration.