India-Pakistan Ceasefire Ends 18-Day Cross-Border Clashes

India and Pakistan, two nuclear-armed neighbors, engaged in a four-week military conflict sparked by a terrorist attack in Indian-controlled Kashmir. The conflict involved cross-border missile strikes, drone swarms, and artillery exchanges, resulting in significant casualties and destruction on both sides. Despite a ceasefire announced after talks, violations continued briefly, highlighting the fragility of the truce. Both countries accused each other of aggression, with India claiming to have targeted militant infrastructure, including Lashkar-e-Taiba sites, while Pakistan reported targeting Indian military installations in response. The conflict has caused severe economic consequences, with India alone incurring billions in military costs due to extensive airstrikes, use of precision-guided munitions, UAVs, and missiles. Diplomatic efforts, including mediation claims by the US, led to a cessation of hostilities, but tensions remain high given the recent history of escalations and mutual distrust.