A new clinical trial in Southeast Queensland is evaluating a needle-free avian influenza vaccine using high-density microarray patches (HD-MAP) developed by Vaxxas, which could enhance vaccine uptake by eliminating refrigeration needs. Meanwhile, researchers at Oregon Health and Science University have demonstrated a potential universal flu vaccine that provoked strong immune responses in primates against the H5N1 virus, suggesting it could lead to effective vaccines in the coming years. TFF Pharmaceuticals has partnered with Emory University and BARDA to develop a dry powder formulation of an mRNA-based antiviral for influenza, aiming to improve stability and distribution without cold storage. Additionally, TFF has reported promising preclinical data showing their multivalent dry powder influenza vaccine candidates induced protective antibody responses in ferrets, indicating potential for broad protection against seasonal and pandemic flu strains. Both initiatives highlight innovative approaches in vaccine development and delivery methods as critical responses to evolving viral threats.