Global Immunization Recovery Faces Challenges in Fragile and Conflict Zones

Vaccination remains a critical tool for preventing infectious diseases in humans and animals, with the effectiveness of immunization programs heavily dependent on maintaining vaccines within the recommended temperature range via a robust cold chain system. This system requires trained personnel, reliable refrigeration equipment, and standardized procedures to ensure vaccine potency is preserved from manufacture to administration, as failures can lead to decreased immunity and erosion of public trust. Despite global efforts to maintain vaccination coverage, challenges persist, including funding constraints, geopolitical instability, and declining public trust, which threaten vaccine uptake and acceptance, as highlighted during the September 2025 Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) meeting. Moreover, local initiatives, such as the outreach program in Arunachal Pradesh, India, demonstrate successful community partnerships and mobilization that help increase immunization coverage and address outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, policy changes like Florida's decision to eliminate school vaccine mandates risk reducing vaccination rates and potentially lead to the resurgence of controlled diseases, raising concerns among public health experts and affected families. Overall, maintaining and strengthening cold chain infrastructure, community engagement, and policy support are essential for sustaining global immunization progress and preventing disease outbreaks.