Space Solar Expected to Cut Europe's Renewable Energy Needs 80% by 2050

New research indicates that space-based solar power (SBSP) could supply up to 80% of Europe's renewable energy needs by 2050, significantly reducing reliance on Earth-based wind and solar energy. By positioning solar arrays in orbit to capture nearly continuous sunlight, SBSP systems—such as those designed by NASA—would convert the energy into microwaves and transmit it to Earth, improving efficiency over terrestrial panels. Modeling studies show this technology could reduce Europe's power system costs by 7%–15%, cut battery storage needs by over two-thirds, and replace most terrestrial renewables, although realizing these benefits depends on rapid technological advancements and cost reductions. The research highlights two NASA-designed SBSP concepts: the innovative heliostat swarm, which could capture sunlight almost continuously, and the more mature planar array, which offers about 60% capture time. While SBSP faces challenges like space congestion and transmission variability, it is gaining traction globally with active interest from multiple countries, including the US, China, and the UK. Experts emphasize that SBSP could play a pivotal role in Europe's transition to net-zero emissions by providing a more stable and cost-effective energy supply.