Congo, Rwanda-Backed Rebels Sign Ceasefire Declaration in Qatar

Congo and Rwanda-backed rebels have signed a declaration of principles in Qatar aimed at ending decades of conflict in eastern Congo by committing to a permanent ceasefire and agreeing to sign a comprehensive peace deal within a month. The final peace agreement is expected by August 18 and will align with a previous peace deal between Congo and Rwanda facilitated by the U.S. in June. This marks the first direct commitment between the parties since the rebels, notably the M23 group backed by Rwanda, captured key cities in eastern Congo, exacerbating a humanitarian crisis affecting 7 million displaced people. While the declaration outlines the framework for peace, the specific terms and concessions remain unclear, including issues such as the withdrawal of rebels and Rwandan troops and the release of rebel members held by Congo’s army. The conflict in eastern Congo, driven by multiple armed groups fighting over mineral-rich territories, has been described by the U.N. as one of the most protracted and serious humanitarian crises globally. Analysts caution that the fragile peace process will face challenges, especially regarding the withdrawal of forces and political concessions required for lasting stability.