Human Rights Watch (HRW) has reported a troubling escalation in attacks by Islamist armed groups in Burkina Faso, resulting in at least 128 civilian deaths across seven incidents since February 2024. These attacks, attributed to the al-Qaeda-linked Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wa al-Muslimeen (JNIM) and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS), often target civilians in retaliation for perceived support of government forces or refusal to join the insurgents. Government leader Ibrahim Traore has mobilized civilians to combat the insurgency, which has incited further violence against those who comply. Notable incidents include a February church massacre that killed 12 Christians, and a recent attack in August that left hundreds dead. The junta has faced criticism for its response to HRW's findings, yet insists that all allegations of human rights violations are under investigation. The international community continues to watch the deteriorating security situation in Burkina Faso with growing concern.